Product Description: The first volume of the series focuses on the history of the IPYs (International Polar Years). Achieving the central and original IPY idea, that it requires international coordination and collaboration among many national and institutional partners to realize an improved and renewed understanding of polar regions, has required differing strategies and tactics according to the political, economic, technical and scientific conditions and expectations extant at the time of each IPY...read more

Product Description: The European Arctic and Alpine regions are experiencing large environmental changes. Increased temperatures and precipitation, reduction in sea ice and glacier ice, the increased level of UV-radiation and the long-range transported contaminants are challenging new stress factors for both terrestrial and aquatic organisms...read more

Product Description: The European Arctic and Alpine regions are experiencing large environmental changes. These changes may have socio-economic effects if the changes affect the bioproduction, which form the basis for the marine and terrestrial food chains...read more