This proceedings volume contains papers from researchers in Japan, the United States and England who have made fundamental contributions to the micromechanics of granular materials. The purpose of the seminar was to facilitate an exchange of ideas between scientists working with statistical and continuum theories, computer simulations and experiments on both static and dynamic behaviour. In describing the solid like behaviour of granular materials, many new ideas on the constitutive relations are introduced in this volume. As an application of the analysis, the mechanism of liquefaction is discussed. Computer simulations have become a vital tool in establishing the micromechanical approaches which otherwise would not be experimentally tested. In numerical simulations and theoretical analyses of rapid granular flow, various modifications on the nature of materials and boundaries are given. Possible applications of the techniques of the stereology and analysis based on geometrical statistics are also included. The papers collected in this volume signify that the promotion of a good understanding of the mechanics of granular materials has been and will continue to be valued in a variety of technical disciplines.

HE CAN GUARD HERLady Phoebe Batten is pretty, vivacious, and yearning for a social life befitting the sister of a powerful duke. But because she is almost completely blind, her overprotective brother insists that she have an armed bodyguard by her side at all times-the very irritating Captain Trevillion.FROM EVERY DANGERCaptain James Trevillion is proud, brooding, and cursed with a leg injury from his service in the King's dragoons. Yet he can still shoot and ride like the devil, so watching over the distracting Lady Phoebe should be no problem at all-until she's targeted by kidnappers.BUT PASSION ITSELFCaught in a deadly web of deceit, James must risk life and limb to save his charge from the lowest of cads-one who would force Lady Phoebe into a loveless marriage. But while they're confined to close quarters for her safekeeping, Phoebe begins to see the tender man beneath the soldier's hard exterior . . . and the possibility of a life-and love-she never imagined possible.

The papers in this volume give a comprehensive review of the mechanical behaviour of new electromagnetic materials and their applications and discuss in detail their present and future roles. Containing contributions by outstanding experts the volume will be essential reading for all those involved in the areas of superconductivity, amorphous materials, conductive polymeric materials, actuators, sensors, nondestructive testing and materials quality control. A selection of contents: Parts: 1. Superconducting Materials. The macroscopic magnetic properties of the high temperature superconductors (C.W. Chu). A phenomenological model for elastic superconductors (A.F. Ghaleb). Mechanical ant thermal behaviour of multi layer plates simulating superconducting laminated structure (T. Takagi et al.). 2. News Concepts in Electromagnetics. Memory-dependent nonlocal electrodynamics (A.C. Eringen). Mechanical modelling of the magnetoelastic properties of amorphous ferromagnets (M. Fahnle et al.). On some problems in the micromechanics of defects in an electromagnetic solid (S. Minagawa et al.). 3. Electromagnetic Materials.

Public Speaking Basics provides a semester's worth of information and exercises to help college students master public speaking. There is an emphasis on creating good thesis sentences and on using effective forms of outlining. A sample speech is provided with each of the six different speaking assignments.

Advances in solid state materials provide an important driving force in the development of modern society, playing a vital role in almost all aspects ofscience and technology. This book presents the contributions to an international workshop on solid state materials, organized to providehands-on experience to scientists from a wide range of relevant disciplines.The topics discussed fall into the categories solid state ionic materials, laser materials, semiconductors and superconducting materials.

Product Description: Written for engineers, this fourth, updated edition of the popular text differs from other books on solid-state physics in stressing concepts, not mathematical formalism. The new edition emphasizes applications and covers next-generation electronic materials.

This volume chronicles the proceedings of the Third Symposium on Particles on Surfaces : Detection, Adhesion and Removal held as a part of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Fine Particle Society in San Diego , California, August 21 - 25 , 1990 . The first two symposia i n t h i s series were held in 1986 and 1988 , respectively, and have been properly l documented ,2. Li ke its antecedent s the Third symposium was very well received, and the continuing success of these symposia reinforced our earlier belief that regular symposia on the topic of particles on surfaces were very much needed. Concomitantly, the fourth symposium in this series is planned in Las Vegas , July 13-17 , 199 2 . l As pointed out in the Preface to the earlier two volumes ,2, the topic of particles on surfaces is of tremendous interest and concern in a wide spectrum of technological areas . The objectives of the Third symposium were es s ent i a l ly the same as those of the earlier two and our intent her e was to provide an update on the research and development activities in the world of particles on surfaces . Apropos , there has been a deliberate attempt every time to s eek out new people to present their research results and we have been very succes s f ul in this mission.

The contents of this volume represent most of the papers presented either orally or as posters at the international conference held in Les rd th Arcs, Savoie, from June 29 to July 3 1987. The declared objective of the conference was to bring together specialists working in various fields, both academic and applied, to examine the state of our under­ standing of the physics of amorphous sioz from the point of view of its structure, defects (both intrinsic and extrinsic), its ability to trans­ port current and to trap charges, its sensitivity to irradiation, etc. For this reason, the proceedings is divided, as was the conference schedule, into a number of sections starting from a rather academic viewpoint of the internal structure of idealized Si0 and progressing 2 towards subjects of increasing technological importance such as charge transport and trapping and breakdown in thin films. The proceedings terminates with a section on novel applications of amorphous SiOz and in particular, buried oxide layers formed by ion implantation. Although every effort was made at the conference to ensure that each presentation occured in its most obvious session, in editing the proceedings we have taken the liberty of changing the order where it seems that a paper was in fact more appropriate to an alternative section. In any event, because of the natural overlap of subjects, many papers could have been suitably placed in several different sections.

The Sixth International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) was held on the campus of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge in col­ laboration with the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) on August 12-16, 1985. The complementary program and the interdependence of these two dis­ ciplines foster the conference. Its manifest purpose is sharing the latest advances in low temperature materials science and technology. Equally im­ portant, areas of needed research are identified, prioriti-es for new research are set, and an increased appreciation of interdisciplinary, interlaboratory, and international cooperation ensues. The success of the conference is the result of the. able leadership and hard work of many people: S. Foner of M.I.T. coordinated ICMC efforts as its Conference Chairman. A. I. Braginski of Westinghouse R&D Center planned the program with the assistance of Cochairmen E. N. C. Dalder of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, T. P. Orlando of M.I.T., D. O. Welch of Brookhaven National Laboratory, and numerous other committee members. A. M. Dawson of M.I.T., Chairman of Local Arrangements, and G. M. Fitzgerald, Chairman of Special Events, skillfully managed the joint conference. The contributions of the CEC Board, and particularly its conference chairman, J. L. Smith, Jr. of M.I.T., to the organization of the joint conference are also gratefully acknm.ledged.

This volume is prepared from lecture notes for the course "Intercalation in Layered Materials" which was held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture at Erice, Sicily in July, 1986, as part of the International School of Materials Science and Tech­ nology. The course itself consisted of formal tutorial lectures, workshops, and informal discussions. Lecture notes were prepared for the formal lectures, and short summaries of many of the workshop presentations were prepared. This volume is based on these lecture notes and research summaries. The material is addressed to advanced graduate students and postdoctoral researchers and assumes a background in basic solid state physics. The goals of this volume on Intercalation in Layered Materials include an introduc­ tion to the field for potential new participants, an in-depth and broad exposure for stu­ dents and young investigators already working in the field, a basis for cross-fertilization between workers on various layered host materials and with various intercalants, and an elaboration of the complementarity of intercalated layered materials with deliberately structured superlattices.

If a substance is repeatedly subdivided, the result is what are known as "microscopic particles". These particles are distinguished from the solid mass which they originally formed by the size of the surface area per unit weight. This simple difference holds true down to a certain lower size limit, and when this limit is exceeded, a new state of matter is reached, in which the behavior of the particles is quite different to that of the original solid. Particles in this state are termed "superfine particles", and are distinct from ordinary particles. The size of the superfine particles, that is to say the size limit below which particle behavior is completely different from the behavior of the original solid, varies a good deal depending on the physical properties of the substance in question. Properties such as magnetism and electrical resistance are closely related to the internal structural properties of the particles themselves, such as the magnetization processes of their respective magnetic domains, and the mean free path of charged bodies. This internal structure therefore limits the size of the superfine particles. In ceramic processing, on the other hand, the surface area of the particles themselves becomes an even more important factor than their internal structure. In this case, the size of the superfine particles is determined by the interaction between water and solvents on the surface of the particles.

"Are there common phenomena and laws in the dynamic behavior of granular materials, traffic, and socio-economic systems?" The answers given at the international workshop "Traffic and Granular Flow '99" are presented in this volume. From a physical standpoint, all these systems can be treated as (self)-driven many-particle systems with strong fluctuations, showing multistability, phase transitions, non-linear waves, etc. The great interest in these systems is due to several unexpected new discoveries and their practical relevance for solving some fundamental problems of today's societies. This includes intelligent measures for traffic flow optimization and methods from "econophysics" for stabilizing (stock) markets.

The material covered in the manuscripts published herein was subjected to public inquiry during the Japan-US Joint Seminar on Materials for Severe Service Conditions during 19-23 May 1986 at the Toranomon Pastral Guest House in Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. This seminar was the latest in a series on advanced materials and applications initiated in the early 1970s by Professor T. Kanazawa of Japan and Professor A. S. Kobayashi of the United States. The 1986 seminar was organized by the undersigned with the able assistance of Professor H. Kobayashi and Dr H. Nakamura of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, and Dr K. Minakawa of the Nippon Kokan Technical Research Center. The semi­ nar was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation and by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science. This Proceedings volume is offered for its. reference value in the enhancement of the understanding of the behavior of advanced struc­ tural materials for design applications involving adverse loading con­ ditions and severe environments. During the seminar attempts were also made to extract priority issues of possible broad impact on science or technology, and to articulate possible guidelines for action plans.

One of the most fascinating and intriguing aspects of natural phenomena is that complex systems may undergo symme­ try-breaking instabilities leading to pattern formation or coherent temporal behavior over macroscopic space and time scales. Therefore the understanding of why order may appear spontananeously in open systems far from equilibrium and which planforms are selected among a large manifold of possi­ bilities has become a major theme of research both theore- cally and experimentally. These studies, first related to fundamental questions, appear now to be of technological importance, especially for materials science problems. Effectively during the last years, the whole field of materials science experienced a complete renewal. By using techniques able to operate in strong nonequilibrium conditions and hence to escape from the constraints of equilibrium thermodynamics, totally new mate­ rials structures have been processed. Such techniques inclu­ de ion implantation, laser beam surface melting as well as electron beam heating. For example, ion implantation proces­ sing is able to create surfaces with compositions markedly different from the bulk, leading to materials having new electric, magnetic or chemical properties. In laser annea­ ling, after the tremendously rapid melting and recrystalliza­ tion of the sample surfaces, microstructures with superior resistance to friction, corrosion, ••• are frozen into place. Rapid solidification of alloys trigger the formation of quasi-crystalline structures. Ion beam mixing can modify the electrical properties of polymers or improve the adhesion of metallic films to ceramics.