search for books and compare prices
Tables of Contents for Harbrace College Handbook
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vi
GRAMMAR
2
104
Chapter 1 Sentence Sense ss
2
29
The parts of a sentence
2
1
1a Recognizing verbs and predicates
3
1
1b Recognizing subjects, objects, and complements
4
6
(1) Subjects of verbs
4
2
(2) Objects of verbs
6
1
(3) Subject and object complements
7
1
(4) Word order
8
2
1c Recognizing parts of speech
10
9
(1) Verbs
13
1
(2) Nouns
13
2
(3) Pronouns
15
1
(4) Adjectives
15
1
(5) Adverbs
16
1
(6) Prepositions
16
2
(7) Conjunctions
18
1
(8) Interjections
18
1
1d Recognizing phrases
19
5
(1) Kinds of phrases
19
2
(2) Phrases used as nouns
21
1
(3) Phrases used as modifiers
22
2
1e Recognizing clauses
24
4
(1) Independent clauses
24
1
(2) Subordinate clauses
24
4
If Sentences form and function
28
3
(1) Examining sentence forms
28
1
(2) Examining the purpose or function of sentences
29
2
Chapter 2 Sentence Fragments frag
31
5
Testing for fragments
31
1
2a Phrases
32
1
2b Subordinate clauses
33
3
Chapter 3 Comma Splices and Fused Sentences cs/fs
36
9
How to separate clauses
36
1
How to link and relate clause
37
1
3a With coordinating conjunctions
38
3
3b With conjunctive adverbs or transitional phrases
41
1
3c Divided quotations
42
3
Chapter 4 Adjectives and Adverbs ad
45
9
4a Adverbs
46
1
4b Adjectives used as subject or object complements
47
1
4c Comparative and superlative forms
48
3
(1) The comparative
49
1
(2) The superlative
50
1
(3) Incorrect double comparatives or superlatives
50
1
4d Awkward or ambiguous use of a noun as an adjective
51
1
4e The double negative
52
2
Chapter 5 Coherence: Misplaced Parts and Dangling Modifiers mp/dm
54
5
5a Placing modifiers near the words they modify
54
2
(1) Single-word modifiers
54
1
(2) Prepositional phrases
55
1
(3) Adjective clauses
55
1
(4) "Squinting" constructions
55
1
(5) Awkward constructions that split an infinitive
55
1
5b Dangling modifiers
56
3
(1) Participal Phrases
56
1
(2) Phrases containing gerunds or infinitives
57
1
(3) Elliptical adverb clauses
57
2
Chapter 6 Pronouns pro
59
16
Personal pronouns
59
2
Relative pronouns
61
1
6a Pronoun agreement
62
1
6b Pronoun reference
63
4
(1) Clear antecedents
63
1
(2) Clear references
64
1
(3) Broad or implied references
65
1
(4) Awkward use of it or you
65
2
6c Pronoun form in compound constructions
67
2
6d Clause as determiner of pronoun form
69
3
(1) Who or whoever as the subject of a clause
69
1
(2) Whom for all pronouns used as objects
69
1
(3) Confusing constructions with who or whom
70
1
(4) Pronouns after than or as
70
2
6e Possessive before gerund
72
1
6f Objective with infinitive
72
1
6g Subjective with subject complement
73
2
Chapter 7 Verbs v
75
31
Tense
75
1
Regular and irregular verbs
76
1
Auxiliary verbs
76
3
Forms of be
79
1
Voice
80
1
Transitive and intransitive verbs
80
1
Mood
81
1
Conjugation of a verb
81
2
7a Subject-verb agreement
83
7
(1) Other words between the subject and the verb
84
1
(2) Endings of subjects and verbs not clearly sounded
85
1
(3) Subjects joined by and
85
1
(4) Subjects joined by either...or
85
1
(5) Inverted word order or there + verb constructions
86
1
(6) Relative pronouns (who, which, that) used as subjects
86
1
(7) Indefinite pronouns
87
1
(8) Collective nouns and phrases
87
2
(9) Linking verbs
89
1
(10) Titles, words as words, nouns plural in form but singular in meaning
89
1
7b Principal parts of verbs
90
5
7c Tense forms
95
1
(1) The meaning of tense forms
95
2
(2) Logical sequence of tense forms
97
2
7d Subjunctive mood
99
3
7e Unnecessary shifts in tense or mood
102
4
EFFECTIVE SENTENCES
106
38
Chapter 8 Sentence Unity: Consistency su
106
8
8a Clearly related ideas
106
1
8b Arranging details
106
2
8c Mixed metaphors and mixed constructions
108
1
(1) Mixed metaphors
108
1
(2) Mixed constructions
109
1
8d Faulty predication
109
1
8e Unnecessary shifts
110
4
(1) Faulty is...when, is...where, or is...because constructions
110
1
(2) Consistent tense, mood, and person
110
1
(3) Consistent person and number
111
1
(4) Shifts between direct and indirect discourse
111
1
(5) Consistent tone and style
111
1
(6) Consistent perspective and viewpoint
112
2
Chapter 9 Subordination and Coordination sub/coor
114
6
9a Subordinating related short sentences
115
2
(1) Adjectives and adjective phrases
115
1
(2) Adverbs and adverb phrases
116
1
(3) Appositives and contrasting elements
116
1
(4) Subordinate clauses
116
1
9b Subordinating and coordinating main clauses
117
1
(1) Subordinating structures for less important ideas
117
1
(2) Coordinating structures for ideas of equal importance
117
1
(3) Logical connection of ideas by subordinate and coordinate structures
117
1
9c Faculty or excessive subordination
118
2
Chapter 10 Parallelism
120
4
10a Balancing similar grammatical elements
121
1
(1) Parallel words and phrases
121
1
(2) Parallel clauses
121
1
(3) Parallel sentences
122
1
10b Parallel construction
122
1
10c Correlatives
123
1
Chapter 11 Emphasis emp
124
9
11a Placement of important words
124
1
11b Periodic and cumulative sentences
125
1
11c Ascending order of importance
126
1
11d Forceful verbs
127
3
(1) Active and passive voice
127
2
(2) Action verbs and forceful linking verbs
129
1
11e Repeating important words
130
1
11f Inverting standard word order
130
1
11g Balanced sentence construction
131
1
11h Varying sentence length for emphasis
131
2
Chapter 12 Variety var
133
11
12a Varying sentence length
134
1
12b Varying sentence beginnings
135
2
(1) Adverb or adverbial clause
135
1
(2) Prepositional phrase or a verbal phrase
136
1
(3) Connectives
136
1
(4) Appositive, absolute phrase, or introductory series
137
1
12c Varying sentence structure
137
3
(1) Complex sentence
138
1
(2) Compound predicate in a simple sentence
138
1
(3) Appositive in a simple sentence
138
1
(4) Prepositional or verbal phrase added to a simple sentence
138
1
(5) Additional conjunctions to increase the compounds in a sentence
139
1
12d Varying subject-verb sequence
140
1
12e Question, exclamation, or command
141
3
DICTION
144
40
Chapter 13 Good Usage usg
144
13
Dictionaries
144
1
Unabridged dictionaries
145
1
Special dictionaries
145
2
13a Using a dictionary
147
3
13b Dictionary labels
150
2
(1) Colloquial or informal
150
1
(2) Slang
151
1
(3) Regionalisms
151
1
(4) Nonstandard and substandard
151
1
(5) Archaic and obsolete
152
1
13c Appropriate usage
152
5
(1) Technical words
152
1
(2) Inclusive language
152
2
(3) Confusion of sit/set and lie/lay and rise/raise
154
3
Chapter 14 Exactness e
157
15
14a Accurate and precise word choice
157
8
(1) Accuracy
157
1
(2) Precision
158
2
(3) Connotations
160
1
(4) Specific, concrete words
161
3
(5) Figurative language
164
1
14b Idiomatic expressions
165
2
14c Fresh expressions
167
3
Chapter 15 Conciseness: Avoiding Wordiness and Needless Repetition w/rep
170
7
15a Making every word count
170
3
(1) Redundancy
170
1
(2) Unnecessary words
171
1
(3) Expletives
172
1
15b Revising to eliminate wordiness
173
1
15c Necessary repetition
174
1
15d Revising to eliminate needless repetition
174
1
15e Style, overwriting
175
2
Chapter 16 Clarity and Completeness XXX
177
7
16a Articles, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions
177
3
(1) Use of articles
177
2
(2) Omitted conjunctions or prepositions
179
1
16b Verbs and auxiliaries
180
1
16c Complete comparisons
180
1
16d Intensifiers
181
3
PUNCTUATION
184
52
Chapter 17 The Comma
184
18
17a Before a coordinating conjunction linking independent clauses
185
2
17b After introductory words, phrases, and clauses
187
3
(1) Adverb clauses before independent clauses
187
1
(2) Introductory phrases before independent clauses
188
2
17c Between separate items in a series
190
2
(1) Words, phrases, and clauses in a series
190
1
(2) Coordinate adjectives
191
1
17d With nonrestrictive, parenthetical, and miscellaneous elements
192
4
(1) Adjective clauses or phrases
193
1
(2) Appositives
193
1
(3) Contrasted elements
194
1
(4) Geographical names, items in dates, and addresses
195
1
(5) Parenthetical expressions
195
1
(6) Mild interjections and words used in direct address
196
1
(7) Absolute phrases
196
1
17e For the prevention of misreading
196
2
17f Unnecessary (or misplaced) commas
198
4
(1) Not between the subject and the verb of the verb and the object
198
1
(2) Not after coordinating conjunctions
198
1
(3) Only to set off parenthetical words and short phrases
199
1
(4) Not to set off restrective clauses, phrases, or appositives
199
1
(5) Not before the first or after the last item of a series
199
3
Chapter 18 The Semicolon
202
4
18a Connecting independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction
202
2
18b Separating elements that contain commas
204
1
18c Misuse with parts of unequal grammatical rank
205
1
Chapter 19 The Apostrophe
206
5
19a Showing possession for nouns and indefinite pronouns
206
2
(1) Singular nouns, indefinite pronouns, and acronyms
207
1
(2) Plural nouns ending in -s
207
1
(3) Compounds and expressions that show joint ownership
207
1
(4) Individual ownership
207
1
(5) In time relationships, in academic titles, or before gerunds
207
1
19b Contractions and numbers
208
1
19c Plurals formed with an apostrophe
209
1
19d Misuse with personal pronouns and plural nouns
210
1
Chapter 20 Quotation Marks
211
9
20a Direct quotations and dialogue
211
2
(1) Direct quotations
211
1
(2) Indirect quotations
211
1
(3) Quotations within quotations
212
1
(4) Dialogue
212
1
(5) Thoughts
213
1
20b Long quotations
213
2
(1) Prose
213
1
(2) Poetry
214
1
20c Titles of short works and subdivisions of books
215
1
20d Words intended in a special or ironic sense
216
1
20e Overusing quotation marks
216
1
(1) To call attention to a cliche
216
1
(2) To enclose yes or no in indirect discourse
216
1
(3) To indicate questionable diction
217
1
20f Placement with other punctuation marks
217
3
(1) Comma and period
217
1
(2) Semicolon and colon
218
1
(3) Question mark, exclamation point, and dash
218
2
Chapter 21 The Period and Other Marks
220
16
21a The period
220
1
(1) Declarative sentence, mildly imperative sentence
220
1
(2) Some abbreviations
221
1
21b The question mark
221
1
21c The exclamation point
222
1
21d The colon
223
3
(1) Preceding and explanation, a series, or a quotation
223
1
(2) Between figures in time references and between titles and subtitles
224
1
(3) After the salutation of a business letter
225
1
21e The dash
226
1
(1) Marking a sudden break in thought or abrupt change in tone
226
1
(2) Emphasizing a parenthetical element
226
1
(3) After an introductory list or series
227
1
21f Parentheses
227
1
21g Brackets
228
1
21h The slash
229
1
21i Ellipsis points
230
6
(1) Indicating an omission within a quoted passage
230
2
(2) Marking a reflective pause or hesitation
232
4
MECHANICS
236
52
Chapter 22 Spelling, the Spell Checker, and Hyphenation sp
236
15
22a Spelling and pronunciation
237
1
22b Spelling words of similar sound
238
4
(1) Contractions and possessive pronouns
239
1
(2) Single words and two-words phrases
239
1
(3) Singular nouns ending in -nce and plural nouns ending in -nts
239
3
22c Prefixes
242
1
22d Suffixes
242
4
(1) Dropping or retaining a final unpronounced e
243
1
(2) Doubling a final consonant before a suffix
243
1
(3) Changing or retaining a final y before a suffix
243
1
(4) Retaining a final / before-ly
244
1
(5) Adding -s or -es to form the plural of nouns
244
2
22e Confusion of ei and ie
246
1
22f Hyphenation
246
5
(1) Linking two or more words to form a compound
246
2
(2) Breaking a word at the end of a line
248
3
Chapter 23 Capitals cap
251
8
23a Proper names, their abbreviations and acronyms
251
3
(1) Names and nicknames
252
1
(2) Peoples and their languages
252
1
(3) Geographical names
252
1
(4) Organizations, government agencies, institutions, and companies
252
1
(5) Days of the week, months, and holidays
252
1
(6) Historical documents, periods, events, and movements
253
1
(7) Religions, holy books, holy days, and words denoting the Supreme Being
253
1
(8) Personifications
253
1
(9) Words derived from proper nouns
253
1
(10) Abbreviations and acronyms or shortened forms of capitalized words
254
1
23b Titles of persons before their names
254
1
23c Titles and subtitles of books, plays, essays, and other titled works
255
1
23d The pronoun I and the interjection O
256
1
23e First word of sentences and of directly quoted speech
256
1
23g For emphasis
256
1
23h Unnecessary capitals
257
2
Chapter 24 Italics ital
259
5
24a Titles of publications
259
2
24b Foreign words and phrases
261
1
24c Names of legal cases
261
1
24d Names of specific ships, satellites, and spacecraft
262
1
24e Words, letters, or figures spoken of as such
262
1
24f Emphasized words
262
2
Chapter 25 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Numbers ab/ac/n
264
11
25a Ms., Mr., Dr., and St.
264
1
25b Names of states, countries, continents, months, etc.
265
1
25c Street, Avenue, Road, Park, and Company
266
1
25d Volume, chapter, and page
267
3
(1) Clipped froms of words
269
1
(2) Abbreviations with dates and figures
269
1
(3) Abbreviations of DC and U.S.
269
1
(4) Abbreviations of organizations, agencies, countries, etc.
270
1
(5) Abbreviations for some common Latin expression
270
1
25e Acronyms
270
1
25f Numbers
271
4
Chapter 26 Document Design des
275
13
26a Proper materials
276
2
(1) Paper and binding
276
1
(2) Electronic documents
276
1
(3) Type, fonts, and justification
277
1
26b Clear and orderly arrangement
278
2
(1) Layout
278
1
(2) Indention
278
1
(3) Paging
279
1
(4) Headings
279
1
26c Electronic documents
280
4
(1) Electronic mail
280
2
(2) The World Wide Web
282
2
26d Proofreading
284
4
LARGER ELEMENTS
288
Chapter 27 Working with Paragraphs
288
34
27a Unity
290
5
(1) Main idea and topic sentences
290
3
(2) Main idea and paragraph unity
293
2
27b Coherence, transitions
295
12
(1) Patterns of coherence
295
2
(2) Order of ideas
297
4
(3) Transitional devices
301
4
(4) Transitional between paragraphs
305
2
27c Details and examples
307
3
(1) Developing with specific details
308
1
(2) Developing with examples
308
2
27d Strategies of development
310
9
(1) Narrating a series of events
310
1
(2) Describing to make a point
311
1
(3) Explaining a process
312
1
(4) Showing cause and effect
313
1
(5) Comparing and contrasting to develop an idea
314
2
(6) Classifying and Dividing to develop an idea
316
2
(7) Formulating a definition
318
1
27e Editing
319
3
Chapter 28 Planning and Drafting Essays pln/dft
322
44
28a Purpose, audience, and occasion
323
10
(1) Purpose
323
4
(2) Audience
327
5
(3) Occasion
332
1
28b Finding an appropriate subject
333
2
28c Focusing for a topic
335
10
(1) Searching for a subject
335
7
(2) Focusing on specific material
342
3
28d Establishing a thesis
345
5
(1) The thesis statement
345
4
(2) Main idea
349
1
28e Arranging ideas
350
5
(1) Informal working plans
351
1
(2) Outlines
352
3
28f The first draft
355
6
(1) Introductions
355
3
(2) Conclusions
358
2
(3) Titles
360
1
28g Sample first draft
361
5
Chapter 29 Revising and Editing Essays rev/ed
366
17
29a Tone
367
1
29b Revising
368
3
(1) What is on the page
369
1
(2) What is not on the page
370
1
29c Editing
371
2
29d Proofreading
373
2
29e Essay undergoing revision
375
4
29f The final draft
379
4
Chapter 30 Writing under Pressure pres
383
9
30a Preparing ahead
383
1
30b Overcoming writer's block
384
2
30c Essay tests
386
6
(1) Reading instructions and questions
386
1
(2) Organizing your response
387
2
(3) Stating main points
389
1
(4) Sticking to the question
390
1
(5) Revising and proofreading
390
2
Chapter 31 Reading and Thinking Critically cr
392
23
31a Previewing
393
2
31b Distinguishing between fact and opinion
395
2
31c Searching for evidence
397
2
31d Evaluating a writer's credibility
399
2
31e Understanding inductive reasoning
401
2
31f Understanding deductive reasoning
403
3
31g The Toulming method
406
3
31h Recognizing logical fallacies
409
6
(1) Ad hominem
409
1
(2) Appeal to tradition
409
1
(3) Bandwagon
410
1
(4) Begging the question
410
1
(5) Equivocation
410
1
(6) False analogy
410
1
(7) False authority
410
1
(8) False cause
411
1
(9) False dilemma
411
1
(10) Guilt by association
411
1
(11) Hasty generalization
411
1
(12) Non sequitur
412
1
(13) Oversimplification
412
1
(14) Red herring
412
1
(15) Slippery slope
412
3
Chapter 32 Writing Arguments arg
415
17
32a Establishing a purpose
415
2
32b Differing viewpoints
417
2
32c Developing an argument
419
3
(1) Supporting and argument
419
1
(2) Responding to diverse views
420
2
32d Using different kinds of appeal
422
1
(1) Three classical appeals
422
1
(2) Rogerian appeals
423
1
32e Organizing an argument
423
3
(1) Introductions
424
1
(2) Reasons
424
1
(3) Beginning a paragraph
425
1
(4) Refutation and concessions
425
1
(5) Conclusions
425
1
32f Sample argument
426
6
Chapter 33 Research: Finding and Evaluating Sources res
432
53
33a Using information from sources
432
6
(1) Analyzing the rhetorical situation
433
2
(2) Developing a research problem and analyzing your own knowledge
435
1
(3) Establishing a research routine
436
2
33b Preparing a working bibliography
438
1
33c Using library sources
439
11
(1) Books and periodicals
440
8
(2) References books
448
2
33d Conducting field research
450
2
33e Using electronic resources
452
13
(1) Developing a research strategy
452
2
(2) Using the college library
454
3
(3) Using the Internet
457
8
33f Evaluating sources and taking notes
465
7
(1) Testing reliability, bias, and integrity
465
3
(2) Taking notes
468
4
33g Avoiding plagiarism
472
4
33h Integrating sources
476
1
(1) Mastering information
476
1
(2) Integrating sources
477
1
(3) Using direct quotations
478
1
(4) Paraphrasing
479
3
(5) Summarizing
482
3
Chapter 34 Research: Using and Citing Sources cit
485
90
34a MLA style documentation
487
27
(1) Using parenthetical citations
487
8
(2) Listing the works cited
495
19
(3) Final revisiting, editing, and proofreading
514
1
34b Sample MLA research paper
514
24
34c The note style of documentation
538
3
34d APA style documentation
541
10
(1) Parenthetical citations
541
2
(2) Listing the references
543
8
34c Sample APA research paper
551
24
Chapter 35 Writing for Special Purposes its/bus
575
35a Writing about literature
575
40
(1) Reading, reflecting, and planning
576
6
(2) Writing about fiction
582
10
(3) Writing about drama
592
7
(4) Writing about poetry
599
14
(5) Using the proper form
613
2
35b Writing for business
615
(1) E-mail
615
2
(2) Memos
617
2
(3) Business letters
619
4
(4) Application letters
623
4
(5) Resumes
627
Glossary of Usage usgl
G-1
Glossary of Terms gt
G-15
Copyrights and Acknowledgments
C-1
Index
I-1
ESL Index
I-45
MLA Index
I-47
APA Index
I-49