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Tables of Contents for Young People and Physical Activity
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PART I Physical activity: growth and maturation
5
20
1 Physical activity: somatic growth and sexual maturation
5
20
Somatic growth
5
7
Stature
6
3
Body mass
9
2
Other dimensions
11
1
Sexual maturation
12
4
Secondary sex characteristics
13
2
Maturity indicators
15
1
Physical activity and somatic growth
16
1
Physical activity and sexual maturation
17
1
Physical activity and the critical mass--critical fat hypothesis
18
1
Physical activity and hormonal mechanisms
18
1
Physical activity and sleep
19
1
Summary
20
5
PART II Aerobic and anaerobic exercise
25
78
2 Measurement of aerobic and anaerobic exercise
25
21
Ethical considerations
25
1
Measurement of peak aerobic performance
25
7
Maximal or peak oxygen uptake?
25
5
Estimation of peak oxygen uptake from submaximal and performance tests
30
1
Laboratory determination of peak oxygen uptake
30
2
Diurnal and seasonal variation in peak oxygen uptake
32
1
Measurement of anaerobic performance
32
9
Test protocols for the measurement of anaerobic performance
34
7
Measurement of post-exercise blood lactate
41
3
Sites of sampling
41
1
Methods of lactate assay
42
2
Summary
44
2
3 Scaling exercise data for body size differences during growth
46
10
Techniques for accounting for body size in performance measures
46
8
Ratio standards
46
1
Least squares linear adjustment (regression standards)
47
1
Allometric modelling
48
6
Multilevel modelling
54
1
Summary
54
2
4 Aerobic exercise: growth and maturation
56
23
Cardiovascular responses to exercise
56
1
Pulmonary responses to exercise
57
2
Aerobic fitness
59
11
Peak oxygen uptake and age
59
2
Sex differences in peak oxygen uptake
61
1
Peak oxygen uptake and maturation
62
2
Peak oxygen uptake and body size
64
3
Blood lactate as a measure of aerobic fitness
67
3
Blood lactate responses to exercise and chronological age
70
7
Explanations for young people's lower blood lactates
71
5
Maturation and blood lactate responses to exercise
76
1
Summary
77
2
5 Anaerobic exercise: growth and maturation
79
24
Anaerobic performance and age
79
3
Anaerobic performance and maturation
82
1
Anaerobic performance and body size
83
4
Mass-related anaerobic performance
83
2
Alternative scaling methods
85
2
Anaerobic performance and exercise training
87
6
Interrelationships between aerobic and anaerobic performance
93
2
Summary
95
8
Part III Physical activity and health
103
142
6 Physical activity patterns
103
19
Assessment of physical activity
103
9
Self-report and/or proxy-report
103
2
Observation
105
1
Motion sensors
106
1
Physiological analyses
107
4
Combining methods of assessment
111
1
Physical activity patterns
112
6
Self-report studies
112
2
Observational studies
114
1
Motion sensor studies
115
1
Energy intake studies
115
1
Energy expenditure studies
116
1
Heart rate monitoring
116
2
Tracking of physical activity
118
3
Summary
121
1
7 Physical activity and aerobic fitness
122
15
Aerobic fitness
122
1
Habitual physical activity and aerobic fitness
123
1
Exercise training and aerobic fitness
124
11
Factors to be considered in the design of exercise training studies
124
2
Exercise training and maturation
126
2
Cross-sectional studies
128
1
Longitudinal studies
128
4
Adaptations to exercise training
132
2
Adaptations to de-training
134
1
Exercise prescription
135
1
Summary
136
1
8 Physical activity and muscular strength
137
16
Muscular strength and health
137
1
Assessment of muscular strength
137
2
Development of muscular strength
139
5
Muscular strength and chronological age
139
1
Muscular strength and body size
140
1
Muscular strength and muscle
141
3
Muscular strength and genetics
144
1
Exercise (resistance) training and muscular strength
144
5
Adaptations to resistance training
147
1
Adaptations to de-training
148
1
Risks of resistance training
148
1
Exercise prescription
149
2
Summary
151
2
9 Physical activity and coronary artery disease
153
26
Coronary heart disease
153
1
Paediatric origins of coronary artery disease
153
2
Coronary risk factors
155
3
Physical activity and coronary heart disease
158
2
Blood lipids
160
2
Composition of blood lipoproteins
160
1
Blood lipids and coronary heart disease
161
1
Blood lipids and lipoproteins during childhood and adolescence
162
1
Physical activity and blood lipids
162
7
Studies with adults
162
1
Studies with children and adolescents
163
6
Blood pressure
169
2
Blood pressure during childhood and adolescence
170
1
Physical activity and blood pressure
171
4
Studies with adults
171
1
Studies with children and adolescents
172
3
Smoking
175
1
Smoking and physical activity
176
1
Exercise prescription
177
1
Summary
178
1
10 Physical activity and body fatness
179
14
Body fatness and health
179
7
Estimation of body fat
179
2
Obesity
181
3
Over-fatness in young people
184
1
Fat patterning
185
1
Tracking of body fatness
186
1
Physical activity and body fatness
186
4
Aerobic fitness of over-fat and overweight young people
186
1
Habitual physical activity of over-fat and overweight young people
187
1
Exercise training and body fatness
188
2
Exercise prescription
190
2
Summary
192
1
11 Physical activity and diabetes
193
9
Physical activity in the management of type I diabetes
194
1
Glucose homeostasis during exercise
194
2
Aerobic fitness of diabetic control
196
1
Physical activity and diabetic control
197
1
Physical activity and insulin sensitivity
198
1
Physical activity, diabetes, and blood lipids
198
1
Physical activity guidelines for diabetic young people
199
2
Summary
201
1
12 Physical activity and skeletal health
202
11
Skeletal health
202
5
Skeletal maturation
202
2
Hormonal milieu and skeletal health
204
1
Nutrition and skeletal health
205
2
Physical activity and skeletal health
207
4
Skeletal loading
207
2
Habitual physical activity and skeletal health
209
1
Exercise training and skeletal health
209
2
Exercise prescription
211
1
Summary
212
1
13 Physical activity and mental health
213
7
Mental health
213
1
Physical activity and mental health
214
5
Physical activity: self-concept and self-esteem
215
1
Physical activity: intelligence and academic achievement
216
1
Physical activity: other psychological variables
217
2
Exercise prescription
219
1
Summary
219
1
14 Intensive participation in sport and exercise
220
25
Overuse injuries
220
4
Musculoskeletal damage
220
3
Prevention and rehabilitation
223
1
Temperature regulation
224
1
Menstrual dysfunction
225
4
Eating disorders
229
6
Exercise and ergogenic aids
235
3
Exogenous performance-enhancing agents
235
3
Summary
238
7
PART IV Physical activity: benefits, correlates, and promotion
245
14
15 Promoting physical activity
245
14
Biological factors
245
1
Psychological factors
246
1
Social factors
247
2
Family
248
1
Peers
249
1
Environmental factors
249
8
Independent mobility
249
2
Television
251
1
Community
251
2
School
253
1
Physical education
253
4
Summary
257
2
Correlates of physical activity
257
1
Promoting physical activity
258
1
References
259
106
Index
365