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Tables of Contents for Structured Fluids
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
1 Overview
1
12
1.1 Introduction
1
1
1.2 A gallery of structured fluids
2
4
1.2.1 Self-organization
2
2
1.2.2 Rheology
4
1
1.2.3 Scaling
5
1
1.3 Types of structured fluids
6
5
1.3.1 Colloids
6
1
1.3.2 Aggregates
7
1
1.3.3 Polymers
7
2
1.3.4 Surfactant assemblies
9
1
1.3.5 Association
10
1
1.4 The chapters to follow
11
1
References
11
2
2 Fundamentals
13
28
2.1 Statistical physics
13
14
2.1.1 Thermal equilibrium
13
4
2.1.2 Probability and work
17
5
2.1.3 Lattice gas
22
2
2.1.4 Approach to equilibrium
24
3
2.2 Magnitude of a liquid's response
27
4
2.3 Experimental probes of structured fluids
31
8
2.3.1 Macroscopic responses
31
3
2.3.2 Probes of spatial structure
34
4
2.3.3 Probes of atomic environment
38
1
Solution to Problem 2.1
39
1
References
40
1
3 Polymer molecules
41
42
3.1 Types of polymers
41
6
3.1.1 Monomers
42
1
3.1.2 Architecture
43
2
3.1.3 Polymerization
45
2
3.2 Random-walk polymer
47
7
3.2.1 End-to-end probability
48
6
3.3 Interior structure
54
7
3.3.1 Scattering
56
5
3.4 Self-avoidance and self-interaction
61
14
3.4.1 Local and global avoidance
62
2
3.4.2 Estimating D
64
3
3.4.3 Self-interaction and solvent quality
67
5
3.4.4 Universal ratios
72
1
3.4.5 Polyelectrolytes
73
2
Appendix A: Dilation symmetry
75
4
Appendix B: Polymeric solvents and screening
79
3
References
82
1
4 Polymer solutions
83
30
4.1 Dilute solutions
83
2
4.2 Semidilute solutions
85
5
4.2.1 Structure
86
1
4.2.2 Energy
87
3
4.2.3 Concentrated solutions and melts
90
1
4.3 Motion in a polymer solution
90
19
4.3.1 Brownian motion of a sphere
90
4
4.3.2 Intrinsic viscosity
94
2
4.3.3 Polymer in dilute solution: hydrodynamic opacity
96
2
4.3.4 Internal fluctuations
98
1
4.3.5 Hydrodynamic screening
98
1
4.3.6 Semidilute diffusion
99
3
4.3.7 Semidilute self-diffusion without entanglement
102
1
4.3.8 Motion with entanglements
103
2
4.3.9 Stress relaxation and viscosity
105
4
4.4 Conclusion
109
1
Appendix A: Origin of the Oseen tensor
109
1
Solution to Problem 4.5 (Deriving permeability)
110
1
References
111
2
5 Colloids
113
38
5.1 Attractive forces: why colloids are sticky
114
8
5.1.1 Induced-dipole interactions
114
2
5.1.2 Solid bodies
116
1
5.1.3 Perturbation-Attraction Theorem
117
3
5.1.4 Depletion forces
120
2
5.2 Repulsive forces
122
10
5.2.1 Steric stabilization
123
4
5.2.2 Electrostatic stabilization
127
5
5.3 Organized states
132
3
5.3.1 Colloidal crystals
132
1
5.3.2 Lyotropic liquid crystals
133
1
5.3.3 Fractal aggregates
134
1
5.3.4 Anisotropic interactions
134
1
5.4 Colloidal motion
135
2
5.4.1 Electrophoresis
136
1
5.4.2 Soret effect
137
1
Appendix A: Perturbation attraction in a square-gradient medium
137
2
Appendix B: Colloidal aggregates
139
10
References
149
2
6 Interfaces
151
22
6.1 Probes of an interface
151
2
6.2 Simple fluids
153
8
6.2.1 Interfacial energy
153
3
6.2.2 Contact angle
156
2
6.2.3 Wetting dynamics
158
1
6.2.4 Surface heterogeneity
159
1
6.2.5 Other interfacial flows
160
1
6.3 Solutes and interfacial tension
161
2
6.3.1 Fluid mixtures
162
1
6.4 Polyatomic solutes
163
8
6.4.1 Polymer adsorption
163
2
6.4.2 Concentration profile
165
2
6.4.3 Hard wall
167
1
6.4.4 Kinetics of adsorption
168
1
6.4.5 Surface interaction
168
1
6.4.6 Flow
168
3
6.5 Conclusion
171
1
References
171
2
7 Surfactants
173
40
7.1 Introduction
173
1
7.2 Mixing principles
174
4
7.2.1 Positivity
175
1
7.2.2 Additivity
175
1
7.2.3 Ordering: like dissolves like
176
1
7.2.4 Reciprocity
176
1
7.2.5 Transitivity
177
1
7.2.6 Effect of permanent dipoles: water
177
1
7.2.7 Effect of charges: ionic separation
177
1
7.3 Surfactant molecules
178
2
7.4 Surfactants in solution: micelles
180
6
7.4.1 Open aggregation: wormlike micelles
182
3
7.4.2 Open aggregation: two-dimensional micelles
185
1
7.4.3 Aggregation kinetics
185
1
7.5 Micelle interaction
186
6
7.5.1 Energy of two-dimensional micelles
188
3
7.5.2 Energy to confine a fluctuating membrane
191
1
7.6 Mixing immiscible liquids: microemulsions
192
6
7.6.1 Interfacial tension
195
2
7.6.2 Emulsions and foams
197
1
7.7 Amphiphilic polymers
198
5
7.7.1 Micelle size
199
2
7.7.2 Other copolymers
201
1
7.7.3 Polymeric amphiphiles in solution
202
1
7.8 Dynamics and rheology
203
7
7.8.1 Wormlike entanglement and relaxation
204
2
7.8.2 Rheology of lamellar solution
206
1
7.8.3 Shear-induced restructuring
207
3
Appendix: Gauss-Bonnet Theorem
210
1
References
211
2
Index
213