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Tables of Contents for Girls, Delinquency, and Juvenile Justice
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
1 INTRODUCTION: WHY A BOOK ON GIRLS AND JUVENILE JUSTICE?
1
6
2 THE EXTENT OF FEMALE DELINQUENCY
7
21
Recent Trends: National Arrest Data
7
9
Self-Report Surveys
16
5
Delinquent Careers
21
2
Racial Differences
23
3
Summary
26
1
Note
27
1
3 THE NATURE OF FEMALE DELINQUENCY
28
17
Girls and Shoplifting
28
2
Status Offenses
30
5
Runaways
35
3
Prostitution Among Girls
38
5
International Prostitution
40
3
Summary
43
1
Note
44
1
4 GIRLS AND GANGS
45
28
Media Constructs of Girl Gangs
45
2
Trends in Girls' Violence and Gang Membership: Quantitative Studies
47
4
Girls and Violent Crimes
48
1
Girl Gang Membership
49
2
Qualitative Studies of Girls and Gangs
51
3
Moving Beyond the Stereotypes: The Social Context of Girl Gangs
54
17
Kitchen's Study of Fort Wayne, Indiana, Female Gang Members
56
2
Girls in the Barrio: Moore's Study of Girls in Chicano Gangs
58
4
Female Gangs in San Francisco
62
2
Girl Gang Members in Hawaii
64
2
Campbell's Study of Girl Gang Members in New York
66
3
Fishman's Study of an African American Female Gang in Chicago
69
2
Summary
71
1
Notes
72
1
5 THEORIES OF FEMALE DELINQUENCY AND CRIME
73
28
Early Theories of Female Delinquency
74
7
Sociological Theories of (Male) Delinquency: Do They Apply to Girls?
81
10
The Ecological Approach to Delinquency
81
2
Strain or Class-Based Theories
83
3
Differential Association
86
1
Control Theory
87
1
Labeling Theory
87
3
Critical/Marxist Perspectives
90
1
A Concluding Note
90
1
Gender Roles and Delinquency in Girls: The Beginnings of a Theory of Female Delinquency
91
4
The Women's Movement and Female Crime
95
4
Feminist Criminology
97
2
Summary
99
1
Notes
100
1
6 GIRLS' LIVES AND GIRLS' DELINQUENCY
101
123
Growing Up Female
102
5
Girls, Parents, and Peers
107
4
Girls and the Sexual Double Standard
111
1
Girls' Victimization and Girls' Crime
112
3
Girls' Victimization and Female Delinquency
115
1
Contemporary Delinquency Research and Gender
116
6
Summary
122
2
7 GIRLS AND THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
124
22
The Doctrine of Parens Patriae, Stubborn Children, and Houses of Refuge: Roots of a Double Standard of Juvenile Justice
125
3
Ex Parte Crouse
128
1
The Child-Saving Movement and the Juvenile Court
129
5
"The Best Place to Conquer Girls"
134
1
The Juvenile Court and the Double Standard of Juvenile Justice
135
3
Deinstitutionalization and Judicial Paternalism: Challenges to the Double Standard of Juvenile Justice
138
1
Unpopular Reform?
139
3
Recent Trends: Finally a Focus on Girls and the Republican Backlash
142
2
Summary
144
1
Notes
145
1
8 THE CONTEMPORARY JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM AND GIRLS, PART I: POLICE AND JUVENILE COURT PROCESSING
146
18
An Overview of the System and Process
146
1
The Rights of Juveniles--A Review of Key Cases
147
2
Implications of Supreme Court Rulings for Girls
149
1
Getting into the System
150
6
Girls on the Streets
151
2
Girls at the Station House
153
3
Delinquents in Court
156
1
Gender and Delinquency Referrals
157
2
Comparing Girls and Boys in Court
159
2
Girls, Race, and the New Double Standard of Juvenile Justice
161
1
Summary
162
1
Notes
163
1
9 THE CONTEMPORARY JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM AND GIRLS, PART II: GIRLS IN INSTITUTIONS
164
28
Youths in Institutions: A National Overview
164
6
Number of Girls in Institutions
164
3
Demographic Characteristics of Youths in Institutions
167
3
Characteristics of Girls in Correctional Facilities
170
1
Girls in Detention
171
4
Girls in Adult Jails
175
3
Conditions for Girls in Jail
176
2
Girls in Training Schools
178
7
The Inmate Subculture and Social System
184
1
Girls, Race, and the New Double Standard of Juvenile Justice
185
2
Deinstitutionalization or Trans-Institutionalization? Girls and the Mental Health System
187
3
Summary
190
1
Note
191
1
10 IN THEIR OWN WORDS: INTERVIEWS WITH GIRLS IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
192
18
The Hawaii Study
193
13
Demographic Information
193
1
Offense History
193
3
School
196
1
The Good Girl/Bad Girl Dilemma
197
1
Gender Roles
198
1
Sexual History
199
1
Family
200
2
Loneliness
202
1
Fantasies and Boyfriends
202
1
Thoughts of Suicide
203
1
Physical and Sexual Abuse
204
2
The "Risky" Lives of Girl Delinquents: Bottcher's California Study
206
2
Summary
208
1
Note
209
1
11 PROGRAMS FOR GIRLS IN TROUBLE
210
29
Casework Approach
212
1
Academic Education
213
3
Vocational and Work Programs
216
1
Group Counseling
217
1
Counseling and Psychotherapy
217
1
Family Therapy
218
1
Juvenile Diversion
219
2
Foster Care
221
1
Group Homes
222
1
Wilderness or Camping Programs
223
1
The Ideal Program
223
2
Instead of Incarceration: What Could Be Done to Meet the Needs of Girls
225
3
Programs for Girls
228
6
Children of the Night
228
1
Group Counseling for Teenaged Street Women
229
1
New Directions for Young Women
230
1
Addictive Love and Abuse Course for Teenage Women
231
1
Emancipation Program for Girls in Portland, Oregon
232
1
CHILD, Inc.
232
1
Hawaii Youth Advocacy Project
233
1
New Promising Programs: The Girls, Inc. Summary
234
2
National Programs of Girls, Inc.
234
1
Local Programs Sponsored by Girls, Inc.
234
2
Policy Implications and Future Directions
236
1
Summary
237
1
Notes
238
1
12 CONCLUSIONS
239
6
Bibliography
245
16
Name Index
261
8
Subject Index
269
2
Index of Court Cases
271