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Tables of Contents for Minority and Gender Differences in Officer Career Progression
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
iii
Figures
ix
Tables
xi
Summary
xiii
Acknowledgments
xxi
Introduction
1
6
Motivation and Context for the Officer Pipeline Study
2
2
General Study Design
4
1
Organization of the Report
5
2
Description of an Officer's Career
7
18
Commission Sources
7
4
Service Academies
8
1
ROTC Programs
8
1
OCS/OTS Programs
9
1
Enlisted Commissioning Programs
9
1
Accession of Minorities and Women
10
1
Initial Officer Listing
11
1
Career Field Selection and Duty Assignment
12
5
Career Field (Occupation) Assignment
12
1
Duty Assignment
13
2
Occupation and Assignment for Minorities and Women
15
2
Performance Evaluations
17
2
Inflation in Performance Evaluation
18
1
Promotion
19
6
The Promotion Selection Process
21
2
Guidelines for Minorities and Women
23
2
Differences in Retention and Promotion for Minority and Female Line Officers
25
24
The Officer Cohort Data Files
25
3
Defining Race and Ethnicity
27
1
Diversity of Officer Accessions over Time
28
3
Commissioning Source and Occupational Assignment
31
2
Marital Status
33
2
Differences in Retention and Promotion
35
14
Determining Retention Outcomes
36
2
Method for Estimating Differences
38
1
Estimation Results
39
4
Minority/Gender Differences Not Controlling for Entry Path
43
1
Minority and Gender Differences by Service and Cohort
44
1
Summary of Retention and Promotion Results
44
5
Officers' Perceptions of Racial Differences in Career Progression
49
26
Analytic Approach
50
4
Competitiveness of Performance or Bias in the Career-Management System
54
3
Precommissioning Preparation and Skills
57
2
Social Separation
59
4
Assignments
63
2
Competing Opportunities
65
1
Bias in Favor of Blacks
66
5
Summary
71
4
Officers' Perceptions of Gender Differences in Career Progression
75
28
Why Do Women Choose to Leave?
76
2
Inherent Skills and Abilities
78
4
Assignment Patterns and Available Career Paths
82
3
Sexual Harassment and Social Integration
85
7
Harassment
86
4
Men's Hesitancy in interactions with Women
90
2
Competing Opportunities and Obligations
92
5
Child-Care Arrangements
93
2
Military Spouse Considerations
95
2
Advantage in the System
97
1
The Double Jeopardy of Being a Black Woman
98
1
Summary
99
4
Conclusion
103
74
Summary of Findings
104
2
Officers's Suggestions for Change
106
5
Appendix
A. Performance Evaluation Procedures by Service
111
6
B. Instructions to Promotion and Other Selection Boards Regarding Minorities and Women
117
4
C. Detailed Description of Promotion and Retention Data Analysis
121
28
D. Qualitative Research Methodology
149
8
E. Promotion Board Member Focus Group Protocol
157
6
F. Midcareer Officer One-on-One Interview Protocol
163
8
G. Midcareer Officer Focus Group Protocol
171
6
References
177
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