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Tables of Contents for Gsm Networks
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
1 Introduction
1
12
1.1 About This Book
1
1
1.2 Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
2
5
1.2.1 The System Architecture of GSM: A Network of Cells
3
1
1.2.2 An Overview on the GSM Subsystems
4
3
1.3 The Focus of This Book
7
1
1.4 Signaling
8
2
1.4.1 What is Signaling?
8
1
1.4.2 How is Signaling Performed?
8
2
1.4.3 What is Signaling Used For?
10
1
1.5 Representation of Messages
10
3
2 The Mobile Station and the Subscriber Identify Module
13
6
2.1 Subscriber Identify Module
13
4
2.1.1 The SIM as a Database
15
1
2.1.2 Advantage for the Subscriber
15
2
2.2 Mobile Station
17
2
2.2.1 Types of Mobile Stations
17
1
2.2.2 Functionality
17
1
2.2.3 Mobile Stations as Test Equipment
18
1
3 The Base Station Subsystem
19
12
3.1 Base Transceiver Station
19
6
3.1.1 Architecture and Functionality of a Base Transceiver Station
20
2
3.1.2 Base Transceiver Station Configurations
22
3
3.2 Base Station Controller
25
3
3.2.1 Architecture and Tasks of the Base Station Controller
26
2
3.3 Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit
28
3
3.3.1 Function of the Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit
28
1
3.3.2 Site Selection for Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit
28
1
3.3.3 Relationship Between the Transcoding Rate, Adaptation Unit, and Base Station Subsystem
29
2
4 The Network Switching Subsystem
31
8
4.1 Home Location Register and Authentication Center
32
1
4.2 Visitor Location Register
33
1
4.3 The Mobile-Services Switching Center
34
3
4.3.1 Gateway MSC
36
1
4.3.2 The Relationship Between MSC and VLR
36
1
4.4 Equipment Identity Register
37
2
5 The OSI Reference Model
39
12
5.1 Reasons for Standardization
39
1
5.2 Layering in the OSI Reference Model
40
1
5.3 Data Types of the OSI Reference Model
41
1
5.4 Information Processing in the OSI Reference Model
42
1
5.5 Advantages of the OSI Reference Model
42
1
5.6 The Seven Layers of the OSI Reference Model
43
3
5.6.1 Layer 1: The Physical Layer
43
1
5.6.2 Layer 2: The Data Link Layer
43
1
5.6.3 Layer 3: The Network Layer
44
1
5.6.4 Layer 4: The Transport Layer
44
1
5.6.5 Layer 5: The Session Layer
45
1
5.6.6 Layer 6: The Presentation Layer
45
1
5.6.7 Layer 7: The Application Layer
46
1
5.7 Comprehension Issues
46
5
5.7.1 An Analogy: The Move to Europe
47
4
6 The Abis-Interface
51
38
6.1 Channel Configurations
51
1
6.2 Alternatives for Connecting the BTS to the BSC
52
3
6.2.1 BTS Connection in a Serial Configuration
54
1
6.2.2 Connection of BTSs in Star Configuration
55
1
6.3 Signaling on the Abis-Interface
55
32
6.3.1 OSI Protocol Stack on the Abis-Interface
55
1
6.3.2 Layer 2
56
15
6.3.3 Layer 3
71
16
6.4 Bringing an Abis-Interface Into Service
87
2
6.4.1 Layer 1
87
1
6.4.2 Layer 2
87
2
7 The Air-Interface of GSM
89
36
7.1 The Structure of the Air-Interface in GSM
89
5
7.1.1 The FDMA/TDMA Scheme
89
1
7.1.2 Frame Hierarchy and Frame Numbers
90
3
7.1.3 Synchronization Between Uplink and Downlink
93
1
7.2 Physical Versus Logical Channels
94
1
7.3 Logical-Channel Configuration
94
6
7.3.1 Mapping of Logical Channels Onto Physical Channels
95
2
7.3.2 Possible Combinations
97
3
7.4 Interleaving
100
1
7.5 Signaling on the Air Interface
101
24
7.5.1 Layer 2 LAPD(m) Signaling
101
6
7.5.2 Layer 3
107
18
8 Signaling System Number 7
125
28
8.1 The SS7 Network
125
1
8.2 Message Transfer Part
126
1
8.3 Message Types in SS7
127
3
8.3.1 Fill-In Signal Unit
127
1
8.3.2 Link Status Signal Unit
128
1
8.3.3 Message Signal Unit
128
2
8.4 Addressing and Routing of Messages
130
3
8.4.1 Example: Determination of DPC, OPC, and SLS in a Hexadecimal Trace
131
1
8.4.2 Example: Commissioning of an SS7 Connection
132
1
8.5 Error Detection and Error Correction
133
5
8.5.1 Send Sequence Numbers and Receive Sequence Numbers (FSN, BSN, BIB, FIB)
135
1
8.5.2 BSN/BIB and FSN/FIB for Message Transfer
135
3
8.6 SS7 Network Management and Network Test
138
15
8.6.1 SS7 Network Test
139
1
8.6.2 Possible Error Cases
140
2
8.6.3 Format of SS7 Management Messages and Test Messages
142
1
8.6.4 Messages in SS7 Network Management and Network Test
142
11
9 Signaling Connection Control Part
153
18
9.1 Tasks of the SCCP
153
3
9.1.1 Services of the SCCP: Connection-Oriented Versus Connectionless
154
1
9.1.2 Connection-Oriented Versus Connectionless Service
154
2
9.2 The SCCP Message Format
156
2
9.3 The SCCP Message
158
9
9.3.1 Tasks of the SCCP Messages
158
1
9.3.2 Parameters of SCCP Messages
159
8
9.3.3 Decoding a SCCP Message
167
1
9.4 The Principle of a SCCP Connection
167
4
10 The A-Interface
171
14
10.1 Dimensioning
171
2
10.2 Signaling Over the A-Interface
173
12
10.2.1 The Base Station Subsystem Application Part
173
1
10.2.2 The Message Structure of the BSSAP
174
2
10.2.3 Message Types of the Base Station Subsystem Management Application Part
176
7
10.2.4 Decoding of a BSSMAP Message
183
2
11 Transaction Capabilities and Mobile Application Part
185
40
11.1 Transaction Capabilities Application Part
185
23
11.1.1 Addressing in TCAP
186
1
11.1.2 The Internal Structure of TCAP
187
2
11.1.3 Coding of Parameters and Data in TCAP
189
9
11.1.4 TCAP Messages Used in GSM
198
10
11.2 Mobile Application Part
208
17
11.2.1 Communication Between MAP and its Users
209
2
11.2.2 MAP Services
211
3
11.2.3 Local Operation Codes of the Mobile Application Part
214
6
11.2.4 Communication Between Application, MAP, and TCAP
220
5
12 Scenarios
225
50
12.1 Location Update
227
1
12.1.1 Location Update in the BSS
227
1
12.1.2 Location Update in the NSS
227
1
12.2 Equipment Check
227
6
12.3 Mobile Orignating Call
233
11
12.3.1 Mobile Originating Call in the BSS
233
1
12.3.2 Mobile Originating Call in the NSS
233
11
12.4 Mobile Terminating Call
244
7
12.4.1 Mobile Terminating Call in the BSS
244
1
12.4.2 Mobile Terminating Call in the NSS
244
7
12.5 Handover
251
24
12.5.1 Measurement Results of BTS and MS
251
4
12.5.2 Analysis of a MEAS_RES/MEAS_REP
255
1
12.5.3 Handover Scenarios
256
19
13 Quality of Service
275
28
13.1 Tools for Protocol Measurements
275
5
13.1.1 OMC Versus Protocol Analyzers
276
2
13.1.2 Protocol Analyzer
278
2
13.2 Signaling Analysis in GSM
280
5
13.2.1 Automatic Analysis of Protocol Traces
280
4
13.2.2 Manual Analysis of Protocol Traces
284
1
13.3 Tips and Tricks
285
2
13.3.1 Identification of a Single Connection
285
2
13.4 Where in the Trace File to Find What Parameter?
287
1
13.5 Detailed Analysis of Errors on Abis Interface and A-Interface
287
16
13.5.1 Most Important Error Messages
291
5
13.5.2 Error Analysis in the BSS
296
7
Glossary
303
102
About the Author
405
2
Index
407