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Tables of Contents for An Introduction to Electronic and Ionic Materials
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vii
Acknowledgements
xi
Symbols and Units
xix
Constants
xxiii
Introduction
1
7
Engineering Materials
1
1
Classification and Properties of Materials
2
3
Materials and Electrical/Electronic Engineering
5
1
Nature and Purpose of this Book
6
2
Classical Theory of Electrical Conduction and Conducting Materials
8
26
Resistivity and Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity (TCR), Matthiessen's Rule
8
2
Traditional Classification of Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors
10
2
Drude's Free Electron Theory
12
2
The Hall Effect
14
3
The Wiedemann-Franz Law
17
2
Resistivity of Alloys, Nordheism's Rule
19
4
Resistivity of Alloys and Multiphases Solids
23
3
Materials for Electricity Transmission
26
3
Materials for Electrical Resistors and Heating Elements
29
2
Case Study---Materials Selection for Electrical Contacts
31
1
Summary
32
1
Important Concepts
32
2
Electron Energy in Solids
34
16
Introduction and Schrodinger's Equation
34
1
Quanta and Waves
35
3
Atomic Energy Levels---The Electronic Structure of Atoms
38
3
The Lowest Energy Principle, Fermi Level and Fermi Distribution
41
1
Energy Band in Solids and Forbidden Energy Gaps
42
3
The Zone Model and Energy Well
45
1
Band Structures and Electrical Conductivity
46
2
Summary
48
1
Important Concepts
48
2
Electron Emission
50
13
Work Function
50
1
Photoemission
50
3
Photocathode Materials
53
2
Thermal Electron Emission and Emitters
55
4
Secondary Electron Emission
59
1
Electron Field Emission and Ion Field Emission
60
2
Summary
62
1
Important Concepts
62
1
Semiconductor Properties and Materials
63
44
Introduction
63
2
Valence-Band Model, Hole Conduction and Intrinsic Semiconductors
65
3
Electrical Conductivity and Temperature Effect in Intrinsic Semiconductors
68
2
Extrinsic Semiconductors, p and n Type Semiconductors
70
5
Conductivity in Extrinsic Semiconductors, Temperature Effect and Mass Action Law
75
3
Lattice Defects in Semiconductors
78
1
The p-n Junction and Rectifier
79
3
Doping Processes
82
4
The Metal-Semiconductor Contacts
86
2
Some Simple Semiconductor Devices
88
2
Integrating Microelectronic Circuits
90
2
Crystal Growth and Wafer Production
92
2
Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD), Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) Processes and Metallisation
94
1
Lithography and Etching
95
3
Oxidating of Silicon Semiconductors
98
1
Packaging of Semiconductor Devices
99
2
Future Development of Semiconductors
101
2
Summary
103
1
Important Concepts
104
3
Magnetic Phenomena and Magnetic Materials
107
41
Introduction and Brief History
107
2
Magnetic Properties and Units
109
3
The Origin of Magnetism, Bohr Magneton
112
1
Types of Magnetism
113
3
Effect of Temperature on Ferromagnetism---Curie Point
116
1
Ferromagnetic Anisotropy and Magnetostriction
117
1
Ferromagnetic Domains and Domain Movement
118
3
Magnetic Energy abd Domain Structure---Types of Energy that Determine the Structure of Domains
121
3
Magnetisation and Demagnetisation of Ferromagnetic Materials, Hysteresis Loop
124
1
Energy Losses in Magnetic Materials
125
2
Soft Magnetic Materials
127
5
Hard Magnetic Materials
132
5
Ferrites---Ceramic Magnetic Materials
137
3
Case Study---Materials in Magnetic Recording
140
5
Summary
145
1
Important Concepts
145
3
Dielectric Materials
148
25
Introduction---Dielectric Properties
148
6
Dipoles and Polarisation
154
3
Frequency, Temperature Dependence of εr and Energy Loss
157
3
Application of Dielectric Materials
160
1
Case Study---Capacitors
161
3
Ferroelectricity, Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction and Pyroelectricity
164
4
Case Study---Materials for Transducers
168
3
Summary
171
1
Important Concepts
171
2
Optical Properties and Materials
173
29
Introduction---The Reaction between Radiation and Materials
173
2
Emission of Continuous and Charactristic Radiation
175
3
Applications of Photon Emission
178
3
Laser and Laser Materials
181
4
Case Study---Compact Disc (CD) System
185
2
Thermal Photoemission
187
1
Interaction of Photons with Materials
188
7
Case Study---Optical Fibers and Photonic Systems
195
5
Summary
200
1
Important Concepts
200
2
Thermal and Thermoelectric Properties
202
15
Heat Capacity
202
2
Thermal Expansion
204
2
Thermal Conductivity
206
3
Thermoelectricity in Metals
209
2
Thermoelectricity in Semiconductors
211
1
Case Study---Furnace Temperature Control
211
4
Summary
215
1
Important Concepts
216
1
Superconductivity and Superconductors
217
31
Introduction and Brief History
217
4
Superconducting Properties and Measurements
221
8
BCS Theory of Superconductivity
229
3
Conventional (Low Tc) Superconductors
232
2
High Tc Superconductors
234
7
Application of Superconducting Materials
241
5
Summary
246
1
Important Concepts
246
2
Ionic Properties of Materials
248
58
Point Defects
248
4
Line Defects
252
3
Planar Defects
255
1
Diffusion Mechanisms
256
2
Diffusion as a Random Walk
258
1
Vacancy Mechanism
259
1
Interstitial Mechanism
259
1
Interstitialcy Mechanism
259
1
Other Mechanisms
260
1
Conductivity
260
1
Introduction to Solid Electrolytes
261
1
Oxygen Ion Conductors
261
19
Alkali Ion Conductors
280
3
Halide Ion Conductors
283
1
Ag-Ion Conductors
283
2
Beta-Al2O3
285
6
Proton Conductors
291
7
Ionic Glasses
298
3
Case Study---Potentiometric Solid State Sensors
301
3
Summary
304
1
Important Concepts
304
2
Mixed Conductivity
306
12
Introduction
306
1
The Defect Equilibrium in MO2
306
2
Kroger Vink (Brouwer) Diagram
308
3
Electrolytic and Ionic Domains
311
2
Effect of Dopants on the Defect Equilibria
313
1
Ionic Transport Number
314
1
Three-Dimensional Representation
315
1
Summary
316
1
Important Concepts
317
1
Techniques for Studying the Conductivity and Transport Behaviour in Ionic and Mixed Ionic/Electronic Materials
318
13
DC Conductivity Measurements
318
3
AC Techniques
321
5
Current Interruption Technique
326
1
Other Techniques
327
1
Techniques for Measuring Partial (Mixed) Conductivity
327
3
Summary
330
1
Case Study---The Solid Oxford Fuel Cell
331
14
Introduction
331
1
Characteristics of the SOFC
332
1
Cathode, Anode and the SOFC Reactions
333
8
Power Output and System Efficiency
341
2
Summary
343
2
Bibliography
345
6
Index
351